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Showing posts with label Position Papers. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Position Papers. Show all posts

Monday, June 9, 2025

Position Papers Introduction

Hey there! It's Timothy.


In my first Model UN conference, there wasn't anybody to tell me how to write a position paper, yet I ended up winning 2nd Best Delegate (in which FYI, your position paper is heavily accounted for). After ~19 conferences in total, I've been on both sides of the spectrum (as an author and as a judge).


This section is to be a critique of me and my brother's previous position papers which will give you insights into how to write a great position paper, tips on how to write a good position paper, and much more. 


Happy reading! =)

Sunday, December 1, 2024

Position Paper 1

Context: This paper was written by myself for a senior conference, which was my former high school's first Model UN conference. I ended up sweeping all 4 prizes (1st Best DR, PP, Speech + 2nd Best Delegate). This also won best position paper as well, so it's extra special. :)


[Committee: General Assembly - 1 

Delegation: The Russian Federation 

Agenda: Preventing the Militarization of Artificial Intelligence for Malicious Use]


'“Artificial intelligence will have a more profound impact on humanity than fire, electricity, and the internet.” – Sundar Pichai

 

In the modern era, we see the rise of many trends in the societies we live, work and interact. But sometimes, we witness a specimen of trends that seem to increase exponentially, the foremost being AI. With the advent of such a technology, the international community maintains reservations about AI, owing to its two-fold implications. The first is that it is a beneficial addition to the human race, whilst the second is the risks associated with AI, specifically with enterprising people who misuse it to further their gains. We are here to state our stances, expose the problem, and propose unique solutions to resolve our crises.

 

First of all, how do we define this agenda? This agenda bifurcates in two: the militarization of AI and its malicious use by non-state actors by which they commit crimes with limited risks of detection. Firstly, how can we define the process of militarizing AI? All processes by which AI acquires immense powers to engage in missions ranging from minor operations involving logistics, decision support, command and control facilities, or even lethal force is the militarization of AI.

 

Our stance is a cautionary midway between conventional responses to AI. The Russian Federation believes that AI should develop lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS) and strongly opposes any efforts to place international limits on their development but believes that humans are to maintain partial control of such systems and are willing to continue discussions about the regulation of AI so that there would be fewer cases of malicious usages of AI.

 

We also maintain a mandatory first-use policy, which states that no weapons (such as LAWS) can incite conflicts. Unless placed under extremities such as an invasion of Russia, we abstain from using these weapons. To quote the Russian Security Council secretary: 

 

“We believe that it is necessary to activate the powers of the global community, chiefly at the UN venue, as quickly as possible to develop a comprehensive regulatory framework that would prevent the use of the specified [new] technologies for undermining national and international security…"

 

Another line of interest for the delegation is the involvement of non-state actors in this issue because we observe the prevalence of 2 major types of crimes committed by these actors. 

 

The first is coordinated cyber-attacks using AI, which potentially can worm into military devices to extricate important information and obtain classified documents to promulgate the hackers' interests by ransoming and shutting down essential infrastructure or generate money through such schemes to finance and propagate destructive ideologies. Secondly, deepfake videos that sway opinions and carry out misinformation campaigns damage our societies because as Winston Churchill said, “In war, truth is often the first casualty.” At this conjecture, one statistic stands out. Regarding the militarization of AI, the current market value of AI in the military is estimated to be US$9.2 billion and is projected to rise sharply (33%) by 2028 to expand to US$38.8 billion. 

 

The question may arise as to why the Russian Federation has the right to advise the world on this matter. We assert that we have the legitimate right to speak in the past, and we have been instrumental in derailing efforts to enact legislation on such bans on weapons, but events have forced us to reconsider our stances on many such policies and conclude that AI should immediately be controlled. We have worked with the G20 and the United Nations, and play central roles in the DISEC, UNODA, and the UNSC committees on this vital issue. On top of this, we have also signed various treaties like the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and created an ethical code binding to Russia’s AI policies alongside other actions that cement the platform upon which we speak and challenge the world.

 

As a proponent of peace and security, the delegation would like to propose using artificial intelligence to solve these issues holistically which covers the malicious uses of AI, namely:


  1. Create a new committee titled the “Artificial Intelligence Oriented Weapons Dissemination Committee” which estimates lethality factors that preserve many lives and destroy lethal weapons before deployment.
  2. Enable AI to find security loopholes and rectify them in our systems, is a promising approach to harnessing AI.
  3. Develop software that detects deep fakes accurately which can resolve our misinformation crises.

 

The Russian Federation concludes by stating that we will face challenges in this endeavour, but we will solve it together.

 

Bibliography:

 

1)    https://www.threatintelligence.com/blog/ai

2)    https://futureoflife.org/recent-news/how-to-prepare-for-malicious-ai/

3)    https://openai.com/research/preparing-for-malicious-uses-of-ai

4)    https://healthexec.com/topics/health-it/cybersecurity/4-recommendations-combat-malicious-use-ai

5)    https://aimagazine.com/ai-strategy/five-ways-ai-can-be-used-to-prevent-cyber-attacks

6)    https://techbeacon.com/security/how-ai-will-help-fight-against-malware

7)    https://unicri.it/sites/default/files/2020-11/AI%20MLC.pdf

8)    https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/use-ai-detecting-preventing-cybercrime-neil-sahota-%E8%90%A8%E5%86%A0%E5%86%9B-/

9)    https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2022/07/15/malicious-ai-isnt-a-distant-reality-anymore/?sh=4a0ad4ae1fd6

10 https://www.reuters.com/technology/un-security-council-meets-first-time-ai-risks-2023-07-18/

11 http://government.ru/en/search/?q=ai&dt.till=28.08.2023&dt.since=7.05.2012&sort=rel&type=

12 https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/artificial-intelligence-military-market-41793495.html#:~:text=%5B296%20Pages%20Report%5D%20The%20Artificial,33.3%25%20from%202023%20to%202028.

13 https://www.cam.ac.uk/Malicious-AI-Report

14 https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2019/04/russian-military-finally-calling-ethics-artificial-intelligence/156553/

15 https://www.statista.com/statistics/1235395/worldwide-ai-enabled-cyberattacks-companies/#:~:text=In%202021%2C%20around%2068%20percent,danger%20to%20companies'%20IT%20security.

16 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/dark-side-ai-how-can-used-malicious-purposes-enio-moraes/

17 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/dark-side-ai-how-can-we-prevent-from-being-used-the-research-world/

18 https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo/us/security/news/cybercrime-and-digital-threats/exploiting-ai-how-cybercriminals-misuse-abuse-ai-and-ml

19 https://threws.com/the-dark-side-of-ai-how-can-we-prevent-ai-from-being-used-for-malicious-purposes/

20 https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57101248

21 https://www.deepinstinct.com/blog/how-ai-can-be-used-for-malicious-purposes

22 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9831441


Monday, July 1, 2024

Position Paper 2

Context: This paper was written by myself for an interschool conference (one of the toughest interschool conferences in the country) as part of my school's Model UN delegation (competing team, FYI). I won 2nd Best Delegate, and my school ended up winning the championship for the second time in a row.

(Fun fact: The only two years I was on the school team were the only two years we won back-to-back!)


[Name: Rahul Gandhi 

Party: Indian National Congress

Committee: All India Political Parties Meet

Designation: MP – Wayanad, Rae Bareli; LoP – Designate 

Agenda: Evaluating the Misuse of Central Investigative Agencies for Disruptive Purposes 

Alliance: INDIA]


'"In politics, nothing happens by accident. If it happens, you can bet it was planned that way." 

– Franklin Delano Roosevelt


In this era, we see the rise of many trends in the societies we live with. But sometimes, we witness a specimen of trends that seem to increase exponentially, the foremost being the advent of current government using the independent investigative bodies of India as puppets to promote their wishes.

 

With the advent of such developments, the international community maintains its reservations about the ‘attested’ state of democracy in India, owing to the implication that refers to the gradual erosion of democracy, i.e. the common fabric which unites North and South, fades.

 

With this searing backdrop in mind, we would like to bifurcate this agenda into two broad straits, each symbolizing the effects of politicizing investigative agencies (primary agencies such as the CBI and ED, and secondary agencies and ministries that act as an extension of these agencies such as the various tax and income departments):


1)         The economic implications:


The potential transformation of India into a regime like China provides a horrible environment for businesses to operate in. With the uncovering of the electoral bonds scam, the credibility of the business sector in our country is greatly questioned with many examples proving to the world that investigative agencies are mere ghosts under the BJP, with more than 11 other companies having been raided by the ED and income tax departments and being imprisoned after which these companies pay for electoral bonds worth of billions of rupees and as a result, either get numerous government contracts or are pardoned and their cases closed. This not only affects our global image but impacts our chances of obtaining foreign direct investment, all because the BJP wishes to gain more money to burn on its political campaigns.

 

 

2)         The political implications:

 

Investigative agencies have forced various sitting ministers of parliament and legislative assemblies to switch parties facilitated via bribes and threats. This kind of Horse Trading is used in many cases. Politicians like Ashok Chavan who have been accused of the most heinous of crimes and has even been denigrated by the prime minister himself appears a decade later to receive a party ticket from the same party that so denounced him for his role in the Adarsh Housing scam. The particularity of the CBI and the ED can be shown in these statistics:

 

      From 2014, 25 opposition leaders who have been under the scanner for corruption charges have joined the BJP, and 23 of them have gotten their cases closed and have been set free.

 

      In the 2024 elections, out of the 417 seats the BJP is contesting in, 37 of these snollygosters were originally from the INC.


      From 2014, the ED has investigated 121 politicians, 115 being from the opposition, are arrested under the amendment of the PMLA passed in 2019.


And yet, as a proponent of peace and national unity, we would like to propose some measures to solve these issues before we open the metaphorical Pandora’s box: 


1)      Via a constitutional amendment, the provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 2003 will be repealed in order to promote free speech in news agencies and prevent flimsy excuses for ED and income tax raids on dissenting papers.

 

2)      Transitioning the independence of investigative agencies to a more neutral stance, with a fundamental provision which cannot be changed. A proposed amendment from the Congress would be to maintain investigative agencies as a semi-autonomous organization, partially directed by a special advisory committee composed of 10 members from the Union government, 10 members from the opposition cabinet, and all 32 Supreme Court justices which would approve or reject proposed raids on organizations.

 

3)      Enact the legal principle ‘bail is the rule, jail is the exception’ as a formal deemed law and prevent the weaponization of laws by investigative agencies by amending the PMLA act and other such laws in order to give the accused a chance to prove their innocence.

 

We as a party acknowledge the uphill battle that is set before (especially with a dictatorship set up against us). Still, we realize that with the unity of the INDIA bloc, there is no end to how we can develop the nation together.

 

Bibliography:

 

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/electoral-bond-future- gaming-biggest-donor-to-tmc-dmk-ysrcp/articleshow/108859613.cms?from=mdr

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOjthKqDlFg

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/122-sitting-ex-legislators-facing-laundering-ca ses-ed-tells-sc/articleshow/85196602.cms

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJfqzUWZ0Bw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y860YJVuQOo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F7k08t2pD3E

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JyJd111Ym7U&t=547s

https://www.thenewsminute.com/long-form/scores-of-companies-raided-by-central-age ncies-bought-electoral-bonds

https://manifesto.inc.in/en/defending-the-constitution/'

Position Paper 3

Context: This was the first paper that my brother wrote for the conference that was referenced in papers 2 & 5. 


[Name: Shivraj Singh Chouhan 

Political Party: Bharatiya Janata 

Committee: All India Political Parties Meet

Party Position: Cabinet Minister 

State of Governance: Madhya Pradesh 

Alliance: The National Democratic Alliance 

Agenda: Evaluating the Misuse of Central Investigative Agencies for Disruptive Purposes]


'“There can be no compromise regarding corruption” – Atal Bihari Vajpayee


In this era, we see the rise of many tensions in the societies we live, work and interact. But sometimes, we witness a specimen of tensions that seem to increase exponentially, one of the most controversial being centred around the misuse of investigative agencies for disruptive purposes. With the advent of these tensions, I am here to state my stance, expose the problem, and propose unique solutions to resolve these tensions.

 

Let me define this agenda clearly. This issue can be trifurcated into 3 sections:

 

·       a) The Current Government’s Use of Investigative Organizations for Arresting Opposition Leaders: 

The arrest of Arvind Kejriwal has made us all consider our stance on this topic, with various vloggers giving their views on this topic on various social media outlets, saying that the current government is behaving like a dictatorship. We respond to these allegations by saying that they are false, and that we don’t have any involvement in his arrest. We trust the ED as a reliable organization, and it is Arvind Kejriwal’s fault that he was involved in money-laundering and the liquor scam just before the elections. It was his fault that he skipped numerous hearings by the court. We do not attest any of the other arrests due to this scam to our resentment against the AAP.

 

·       b) The Freezing of the INC bank accounts:

This is another tension that has repeatedly been brought up in the BJP – INC conflicts. All of these allocations are completely politically polarized. Also, along with the last false accusation just discussed, this is a false accusation too. It is a job that has not been executed by the Bharatiya Janata Party. Moreover, we will not wash our hands on this area of tension as our hands have not become dirty in it in the first place. The main reason why the bank accounts were frozen was mainly because whatever income or donations they make comes along with a tax. The Congress was skipped the tax repayment deadline in 2017, the extended tax deadline in 2019, and the penalty that comes with the delay. The culmination of all of these factors lead to the freezing of the Congress’ bank accounts.

 

·       c) The Controversial Election Commission Appointments:

      It is a completely normal thing for a government officer to resign from his job, whether it be 3 months before elections or not. The decision committee has decided, wisely, to select Gyanesh Kumar and Sukhbir Sandhu as members of the Election Commission. The connection between Amit Shah and Sukhbir Sandhu should not be a ground for judging that the decision committee for the Election Commission members was biased in the least. This is another political tactic that the Opposition tries to use to rise up controversy on the Election Commission and the Current Government. Discussing about the particularity of ED’s candidates for investigation, we have one thing to say. It is the complete fault of the ED to be particular in these candidates for investigation. The number of people investigated from the Opposition and the number of people investigated from the Current Government depends on the ED itself.

 

After defining my stance on this agenda, I would like to give a few solutions that I seek to be included in a proposed Amendment to the Constitution, to be brought before this AIPPM:

·       1) Increase the Transparency in these Investigative Agencies: There is the problem with the CBI, the ED, and the NIA today i.e., their transparency. We believe that constantly checking out on these investigative organizations by introducing investigative journalists in the scene would drastically improve the transparency of these Investigative Agencies.

·       2) Reducing the Time Currently Taken to Investigate a Certain Case: Long delays and prolonged investigations can be used as a harassment tool for the various people involved in a certain. Reducing the time taken for a certain case would be helpful in stopping it from being a trouble for the people involved in the case. This can be done by making the maximum delay for a case being 6 months after the allotted time proposed for a certain case.

 

In conclusion, I as Shivraj Singh Chouhan stating that we will face skirmishes and a whole lot of backlashes on the way to transparency in Bharat, but we will get to it together, by reforming our political system, the Bharatiya Janata Party, and the whole of Bharat.

 

Bibliography:

 

1)    The Arrest of Arvind Kejriwal: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUS-MPGp7Ps

2)    The Reason Why the Congress Bank Accounts Froze: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w2gnDuG6vI0

3)    The Congress’ View on the Freezing of Congress’ Bank Accounts: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOK4dnCy4H4&t=55s'

Sunday, June 30, 2024

Position Paper 4

Context: This was the second paper that my brother wrote for the conference that was referenced in papers 2 & 5.


[Name: Shivraj Singh Chouhan 

Political Party: Bharatiya Janata Party

Committee: All India Political Parties Meet

Position: Cabinet Minister 

State of Governance: Madhya Pradesh 

Alliance: The National Democratic Alliance 

Agenda: Discussing Economic Models That Capitalize On India's Demographic Dividend]


'“Businesses can transform potential into prosperity, obstacles into opportunities, aspirations into achievements, whether they are small or big.” – Narendra Modi

 

In the modern era, we see the rise of many subjects of discussion in the societies we live, work and interact. But sometimes, we witness a specimen of subjects of discussion that seem to increase exponentially, the foremost in this AIPPM today being centred around the economic models that capitalize on India's demographic dividend, unveiling a hotbed of controversies. With the advent of these tensions, I seek to be diplomatic but firm in my overview over the economic models that capitalize on Bharat’s demographic divide, along with my decisions based on the topic to be discussed in this conference. I am here to state my stance, expose the problem, and propose unique solutions to resolve these tensions.

 

Let us have a look at the topic in its entirety to begin with. This topic trifurcates into the following sections:

 

·      a) The Definition of the Demographic Dividend:

In the political history of Bharat there was and will be a time period between a rise in the fertility rate and when it falls down again. This period will then make the amount of people eligible for the job market in a higher quantity and supply than the quantity of children and the elderly. This gives Bharat an opportunity to reduce poverty and accelerate economic growth. This period is popularly known as the demographic dividend.

 

·       b) The crisis in the job market of Bharat:

Bharat boasts of a young working population, excelled in a vast array of fields ranging from engineering to medicine to law. More than half of Bharatians is below the age of 30. This young workforce could propel India to even greater economic heights if there were enough jobs to give them. Even though Bharat’s citizens are ready for a wide range of jobs, there is not enough jobs that we have to give them. According to the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, an economic think tank, the unemployment rate was 7.6% in March this year. About 45% of Bharatians under 25 are unemployed. Many Indians rush to government jobs to find job security in their work and to not get laid off. These government jobs are really hard to get and many people who don’t get these jobs go through depression and some end up killing themselves. The unemployment rate will be prone to acceleration due to AI causing the overthrow of many jobs that exist today. Rising unemployment is one of the biggest problems that we all face as politicians as an issue to fix in our respective state of governance, in which we seek to solve in this conference.

 

·       c) Economic models that capitalize on the demographic divide:

There has been a vast number of economic models that have been issued by the Bharatian government capitalizing on the demographic divide, including the economic model of the “Mixed Economy.” This aims to keep Bharat on the fine line between capitalism and socialism. This will ensure that a country can allow businesses to flourish in it keeping these businesses in check and redistributing the tax obtained from these businesses into initiatives for maintaining a nation’s infrastructure and offer public services such as education, social welfare policies and health insurance.

 

After looking at the agenda on the whole, I will outlay some of the solutions that I seek to be implemented as an Amendment to the Constitution in the AIPPM:

·       1) Improving the Human Capital: Employers can improve quality of human capital by investing in the education and literacy of the human capital. We can do this by improving our current education system. This will result in the further ability of our current workforce, and it will promote other nations to look up to Bharat as a model country to take able-bodied workers from.

·       2) Streamline Regulatory Frameworks: There is an incurring need, as a nation, for us to streamline regulatory frameworks. These legal mechanisms that exist on the national level in our case need to be streamlined by planning and creating standard operating procedures and understanding the regulatory industry and assessing the current process.

 

In conclusion, I as Shivraj Singh Chouhan stating that we will face skirmishes and a whole lot of backlashes on the way to economic growth in Bharat, but we will get to it together, by capitalising on the demographic dividend, the Bharatiya Janata Party, and the whole of Bharat.

 

Bibliography:

 

1)    Explainer Video on the Demographic Dividend: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uJjhJg28To

2)    BBC looks at the lives of Indian Job Aspirants in Uttar Pradesh: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbJjnGiKF4g

3)    Data on Unemployment in Bharat: https://www.reuters.com/world/india/unemployment-biggest-worry-india-worlds-fastest-growing-economy-2024-04-24/

4)    The Prospect of Government Jobs for Indian Applicants: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20gLBCVaNOI

5)    A Mixed Economic System: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mixed-economic-system.asp#:~:text=A%20mixed%20economic%20system%20is,order%20to%20achieve%20social%20aims.

6)    Human Capital and How to Improve it (In a Business Sense): https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/humancapital.asp