Draft Resolutions Introduction

Hey there! It's Timothy.

In my first Model UN conference, I didn't know how to write a draft resolution, yet I ended up winning 2nd Best Delegate (in which FYI, your resolution + presentation does heavily influence your prize decisions and is often the way people comeback). I want to bridge that gap for you by showing you how I did it across the ~19 MUNs that I've done.

This section is a collection of me and my brother's previous draft resolutions which will give you insights into how to write a great resolution, what makes for strong resolutions, how to frame unbreakable solutions, how to win best policymaker/draft resolution and much more. 

Happy reading! =)

Draft Resolution 1

Context: This was a resolution that was written for my high school's first Model UN conference (more context on paper 1). This was a pre-conference assignment and I ended up winning 'Best Draft Resolution'. So, was it good? You decide.

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Committee Name: General Assembly – 1 (DISEC)

Agenda: Preventing the Militarization of Artificial Intelligence for Malicious Use

Author: The Russian Federation

Sponsors: -

Signatories: -

 

The General Assembly – 1/DISEC Committee,

 

Noting with regret the inherent violations of important United Nations documents which are central to the spirit of the United Nations which include (but are not restricted to):

1)    The United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration Of Human Rights,

2)    Various resolutions produced by (most importantly) the United Nations Security Council, and by smaller conglomerates such as the DISEC, ECOSOC and the UNHRC,

which has resulted in the recent manifestations of the malicious uses of artificial intelligence which are intricately woven into the fabric of artificial intelligence research and development and is being considered as a huge detriment to the numerous United Nations conglomerates including the ECOSOC, DISEC, and UNSC committees which accentuates the ever-looming minimal effectiveness of the CCW, GPAI, CGE and the Montreal Declaration in taming cases of the malicious usages of AI (to the grief of many lawmakers and diplomats) on the contrary increased the number of incidents relatable to the malicious usage of AI and has led to the questionable implementation of AI laws that give hackers free rein in various countries,

 

Alarmed by the disinterest (and in some cases, the active participation) of the international community in the allowance of criminal activities related to the malicious usages of AI (such as advanced hacking program and deepfake videos) such as the intentional allowance of legalized hacking group to flourish and thrive whilst being officially sponsored by the state, the legalized testing and advanced research grants provided by these governments for AI military-related researches, majoring on the development of LAWS, automatic capabilities, quantum computing, high-fidelity micro-chips processing and experimenting with novel technologies like AR and VR and the instigation of government-related misinformation campaigns in the form of convincing deepfake videos which are popularly used to sway opinion, which is in direct violation of resolutions A/RES/60/1 (paragraphs 138-140), A/RES/63/308, A/RES/69/323 and A/RES/75/277 alongside other cybersecurity resolutions such as 55/63, 56/121, 57/239, 58/199 and 64/211,

 

Deeply concerned about the lack of regulations and regulatory bodies surrounding this vital issue regarding the malicious usages of AI and their various implications which range from  the prevention of external bodies in imperatively investigating essential documents and accessing information about the possible usages of further malicious uses of AI, violating powers granted upon such countries to veto/destroy resolutions in place which are intended to place regulations on the development of AI for shady purposes by governments which are then used for malevolent purposes such as spying missions and tactical manoeuvres in spheres of influence (which are hypocritically disbanded as national interests) to the oppression of the systems implemented to lay a set of rules, checks and balances for the organization to uphold (which is to be supplemented by an extensive whistleblower system), and instead, suppresses the accountability of the authorities towards the international body in their dealings with artificial intelligence, and represses sanctions on developing nations who wish to extend their control on their various domains,

 

Further deploring the actions of certain countries such as quelching the freedoms of the press to conceal sensitive information pertaining to criminal activities involved in major schemes using artificial intelligence (such as governmental organizations partnering with private companies/employing hacking groups to infiltrate into citizens’ identifications, thus having supreme control over all citizens and dissenters whilst using secondary AI means like face-scanners to easily identify common dissenters and religious minorities) and shrouding their shady dealings and illicitly dealt-with triumphs using AI, which are a direct violation to the official guidelines set in stone by various governing bodies which include the respective country’s judicial branches, internationally-acclaimed and independent watch-dogs, UN-affiliated and officiated delegations, various UNODC, UNHRC, DISEC and UNSC resolutions alongside company policies by various artificial intelligence providers,

 

1.     Calls upon all related parties to this issue (namely, national and state governments, governmental organizations, governmental conglomerates, privatised companies, artificial intelligence providers, non-state actors, policing agents (like INTERPOL), watchdogs (independent and United Nations-affiliated), NGO’s and other affiliated entities) to increase transparency and accountability at all levels so as to be accountable to the people that they represent and to measure up to international non-corruptibility standards based on the following parameters:

a) The potential usages of AI should be spelled out directly at the commencement of AI-related projects which must pass through the following regulations in order to be legally accepted by the United Nations, namely:

 

i)               The project must first be presented any of the United Nations conglomerates (such as ECOSOC, DISEC, or even the UNSC);

 

ii)             The case shall be impartially presented in that particular conglomerate and must be put up for discussion, the main subject of which should be a written project report and synopsis of the proposed plan by the defending country;

 

iii)           The committee will put the idea to a vote and the sitting president of the committee will have a thorough review of the project plans;

 

iv)            The immediate establishment of a committee termed as the “Expert Panel On Potential Artificial Intelligence Advancement Plans” will be ensued comprising of representatives from premier technological colleges, governmental representatives for the digital sector in presiding countries and United Nations-nominated AI experts and researchers will review the plans established by the countries;

 

v)             If the idea proposed by the committee and researchers is unanimously approved, then the idea is sent for approval to the UNSC;

 

vi)            The UNSC can make amendments and recommendations and will vote on the final project plans;

 

vii)          If the project is voted unanimously, it is then approved by the Secretary-General and the country’s plans get approvals from the United Nations, alongside the fact that the project will receive assistance from the United Nations and will garner expert advice on how to make the innovation less militarised and more human-friendly;

This landmark approach of filtering AI plans is beneficial to the world as it automatically filters our any malicious usages of AI as it passes through a wide range of filters which includes security experts and diplomats and the illegal commencement of any such programs pertaining to AI which is explicitly related to malicious uses will incur sweeping sanctions on such countries in the form of:

i)               Economic sanctions, which covers a wider domain of sanctions which include barriers of trade, freezing of assets, travel bans, and restricting the usage of the financial trading system;

 

ii)             Diplomatic sanctions, which severs diplomatic ties with nations who illegally run operations without the consent of the United Nations and thus exposes them to banishment from the international community should they persist in their activities;

 

iii)           Sports sanctions, which means denying them access to sporting events and even barring them from hosting sporting events which will make them reconsider their policies;

 

 

b) Requests for the formation of a separate United Nations conglomerate which is named as the UNC+AIRDA (the United Nations Cybersecurity + Artificial Intelligence Research & Development Agency) and whose sole purpose is to:

i)          Fight against the militarization of artificial intelligence in all spheres of life;

ii)         Alerting countries about scandals and malicious uses of AI prevalent today;

iii)       Publishing reports on best security practices and resources that countries can use to defend themselves against should a major AI swarm of attacks occur;

iv)            Recommends actions to be taken against violators who illegally propagate their mal-practices and abuse AI for their own gains;

v)         Partners with companies and governments to broker unique solutions to certain subsets of problems relating to AI (such as data acquisition-inherent bias);

vi)        Setting up criterion for identifying the following thresholds:

1)    Determining the point of no-return, the stage where development of AI turns into an arms-race and ways to scale down such an arms race if in the case of one;

2)    Identify the duality-nature of AI and recognize the fine line between the beneficial usage of AI and the malicious usage of AI and measures to resolve a build-up of massive fraud in this sector at the time of such an occurrence;

vii)       Being prepared at all times on standby in order to alleviate/mitigate any repercussions a sudden cyber-war could inflict on the world;

 

2.     Calls upon all related parties and stakeholders in this issue to improve upon the following criterion:

 

a)     Calling upon all member states in the DISEC to improve in the area of disarming AI-based weaponry which is detrimental to humanity upon the following parameters:

 

i)               Establish the commissioning of a new committee in the United Nations termed as the “Artificial Intelligence Oriented Weapons Dissemination Committee” which comprises of white-hat hackers, technology experts from various prestigious universities and technical experts from major institutions around the world which is solely dedicated to locating any AI-contaminated weaponry systems and mitigating its effects on the war such that acts of genocide or war crimes would not be committed by these weapon systems;

 

ii)             Introduce tough legislations that sets international limits on the development of LAWS and strictly prohibits and sanctions any nations who violates any aspect of the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration Of Human Rights but does not restrict their advancement for research and scientific purposes, which will scale down the development of lethal weapon systems;

 

iii)           Introduce 4 diktats which will be central to disarming AI-weapons, namely:

 

1)    Increasing collaboration of policymakers and researchers in order to explore further possibilities of malicious usages of AI, especially arming AI, so that they can make detailed legislations and not leave loopholes that cyber-criminals can exploit;

 

2)    Increasing collaboration between researchers and engineers so that they can develop tools that turn AI on itself, exploiting its advantages and defending systems with advanced levels of cyber-security and also, can be involved in reaching out to pertinent third parties in case of an anomaly in defensive systems;

 

3)    Sharing best practices amongst member states of the DISEC so that they can identify, and pinpoint exactly which systems are lethal and autonomous so that they can individually crack down on these types of weapons in their constituent countries;

 

4)    Developers and lawmakers should extend the network of stakeholders in the issue to increase accountability, trust and faith in the uses of AI systems and to avert a major arms race in the field of militarizing AI;

 

b)    Increasing education around the fields of artificial intelligence is important to solving this issue, and the education of AI systems should be:

 

i)               Included in the curriculum of schools and also (preferably) schools clubs dedicated to the study of AI so that we can spread awareness, implementing the knowledge of how to code in 1/more programming languages and deal with AI software, and should be included as agendas in various MUN conferences in order to increase research and possible policies surrounding education in the field of artificial intelligence;

 

ii)             Included in government initiatives in the form of documentaries, presentations and governments drives to raise awareness about the issue of the malicious usage of AI, and should be encouraged to take part in activism against the spread of malicious AI uses;

 

iii)           Included in military training by cadet on how to use such weapons in the case of high military readiness when an impending war is at hand, alongside training them to be ready for cyberattacks on military infrastructure to preserve the army’s facilities whilst under attack;

 

iv)            Allowing for the implementation of an anonymous whistle-blowing system in order for civilians to practice anonymous reporting of misdeeds done in the field of malicious AI;

 

3.     Emphasizing the need for increasing global coordination in the form of strengthened regulations through the following means:

 

a)     In the area of strengthened regulations, the following conditions need to be adhered to in the following jurisdictions:

 

i)               We call for the updating of current existing legislation in order to strengthen international action by doing the following actions:

 

1)    Requesting for the specification of the term ‘AI Militarization’ and all activities that can be considered as the militarizing of AI;

 

2)    Provide concrete measures on how to ensure accountability on all fronts for the misuse of AI;

 

3)    Improve global cooperation in a divisive, polarized and partitioned world;

 

4)    Increase the number of independent watchdogs and commissions that will in a detailed manner, summarize the effectiveness of such policies and will greatly increase transparency;

 

4.     Resolves to remain actively involved in the international community in this matter of urgency.

Draft Resolution 2

Context: This resolution was written by my brother for a junior conference. He ended up winning '2nd Best Delegate', ensuring that he won at the same conference two years in a row.

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Resolution to Counter the Rising Tension that is Arising Around the South China Sea

 

Committee: The United Nations Security Council

Agenda: Addressing the Rising Tensions and the Current Situation in the South China Sea

Author: The People’s Republic of China

Sponsors: The Republic of South Africa, The French Republic

Signatories: The People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria, The Federative Republic of Brazil, The Republic of Ecuador

 

The United Security Council,

 

Noting with regret the inherent violations of important United Nations documents which are central to the spirit of the United Nations which include (but are not restricted to):

1)     The United Nations Charter and the resolutions passed by the United Nations Convention on the Sea (UNCLOS),

 

2)     Various resolutions produced by (most importantly) the United Nations Security Council, and by smaller conglomerates such as the DISEC, ECOSOC and the UNHRC,

Alarmed by the human casualties and the broken diplomatic ties that have resulted in the:

1)     Conflicts between Taiwan and China,

2)     Territorial disputes over waters and islands between China and the ASEAN nations that border the South China Sea,

Affirming the fact that China does own Taiwan and the whole region of the South China Sea, through historical rights and policies like the “Law on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone” and the “One China” policy that has been signed by various signatories like the United States of America that have made China already the owner of these regions,

Bearing in mind the resource-rich areas of the South China Sea and Taiwan that have been a major financial centre for trade in the past centuries and the modern age of today, which has seen nations like China and Indonesia rise to become popular tourist destinations and financial hubs, in which this century will make these countries world powers,

Recognising the necessity of maintaining peace between the East and the West and the necessity of solving this incremental problem wisely and in a way that makes all parties involved in this security threat agree with the solutions dealt with in this resolution,

1)     Calls upon all the nations that surround the South China Sea to:

 

a)     Reduce the number of battleships, destroyers, and spy aeroplanes in the South China Sea with the intention of:

i)                Reducing the fear of merchants and suppliers who pass through the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait of being shot down by warships or military planes by accident in the unfortunate event of misrepresentation of marine vessels as belligerent acts of war,

ii)              Increasing the volume of trade conducted in the South China Sea to improve the economies of the ASEAN nations,

iii)             Showing to the whole world that the countries bordering the South China Sea are at peace with each other and that they are secure to not put tight military control in agitation against one another but making travelling through the waters a safe and economically prosperous experience for the people and/or cargo that shall pass through the South China Sea,

b)     Show solidarity with each nation by conducting military drills and state visits between each other nation which will show that:

 

i)                Each nation involved in the military drills believes in the common fraternal network that binds the South China Sea together and each is trustworthy to the other in the common faith that their various treaties will be upheld with stringent implementation and will work together to defend the South China sea and their nations wherein,

 

ii)              Subsequent state visits (after the implementation of this resolution) will incite a more friendly kindling of (and productive involvement in) peaceful discussions that discuss issues of state with the olive branch in hand rather than on the battlefield, which will promote a more peaceful and long-lasting solution to the tensions within the various countries of the South China Sea,

 

2)     Requests the nations in the UNSC to organise and ratify treaties and committees concerning the tensions in the South China Sea, a few brought forward by the delegation of China are:

a)     The “Sino-ASEAN Maritime Security Committee,” a committee dedicated to the sole purpose of:

i)                Giving the leaders of the countries involved in this treaty a platform to point out the different economic and security impacts the tensions in the South China Sea might bring,  

ii)              Encouraging discussion between China and the ASEAN nations of Chinese influence over the South China Sea, which will put forth various other treaties and resolutions to solve this incurring problem,

b)     The “The Sino-ASEAN Normalization Treaty,” which provides an opportunity for the nations of the UNSC to:

 

i)                Create peace between the nations bordering the South China Sea by ensuring all the countries reduce their defences at the South China Sea,

ii)              Allow the present claims of the countries for their islands in the South China Sea to remain so that there will be no more disputes along the lines of whether a certain island group belongs to a certain country,

iii)             Make the present claims over the territorial waters of the countries involved in this treaty official, making the countries remove their defences over the territorial waters of their nation that overlaps the territorial waters of the other nation, making that overlapping space a hub for countries to trade freely, making it global waters and territory for the whole world,

 

3)      Has resolved to do the following measures to solve the issue between Taiwan and China by:

a)     Stating that China is the rightful owner of the region of Taiwan, and China will attempt to get Taiwan as a part of it by the following methods:

i)                Diplomatically by holding talks with Taiwan in various committees set up by China like the “Taiwan – China Normalization Committee,” which seeks, diplomatically to encourage Taiwan to join China,

ii)              By military intimidation, which may involve military aggression by marine force and by air, if Taiwan does not comply,  

b)     Proposing the following incentives to Taiwan if it joins China which are:

i)                China will contribute an amount of 1/8^th of China’s GDP annually, which will promote Taiwan to the top 10 GDPs in the world,

ii)              Major Taiwanese companies like Foxconn, Evergreen and TSMC, will get 1 billion USD from China for infrastructural development, and productivity of the corporation on the whole,

iii)             Taiwan will be made a semi-autonomous region, which will be allowed to have its identity, but will not have formal diplomatic ties with other nations, which all is clearly outlined in the “One China” policy,

iv)             China’s Politburo standing committee of 8 members will include a Taiwanese member in the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, this will highly elevate Taiwan’s political importance and influence in Chinese Politics,

v)               China will have 1/5^th of the members of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China be Taiwanese, another attempt to make Taiwan influential in Chinese politics,

vi)             China will extend its Belt-and-Road initiative to Taiwan if it allows itself to join China,

vii)           China will renounce its claim on the 9-dash and will redraw its territorial waters to cater to the requirements of the rest of the nations that border the South China Sea with China’s borders being done considering the EEZ of China and Taiwan, which will be done on the condition that every nation in the ASEAN agrees to the One-China policy with all of its terms and conditions,

4)     Further resolves to present solutions before the international community that will show that China and the nations bordering the South China Sea are resilient and can make peace with each other in the following ways:

a)     Forming a protocol rival to the UNCLOS called the South China Sea Dispute Resolution Protocol (SCSDRP) which seeks to regulate the economic and military activity in the South China Sea, which will result in world peace, in the following ways:

i)                To redefine the laws of the UNCLOS and divide the South China Sea into parts that will belong to each country around the South China Sea and international waters, in which each division will be made upon the following criteria:

1)     The geographical extent of the country,

2)     The number of stations or islands in the South China Sea claimed by that country,

3)     The GDP of that country, considering their debt also,

4)     Their present claims that each country has made on the South China Sea, including the ones made by themselves and the ones made by the country’s Exclusive Economic Zone,

ii)              To remove all military aggression that is currently present in that area, except a small band of about 10 to 20 soldiers just to keep guard of any invaders of their part of the South China Sea,

iii)             To give out licenses to people who want to travel through the territorial waters of another country, which will people who want to travel through another country’s territorial waters safe from:

1)     Being captured by the task force implemented by that country on charges of illegal travelling through those waters,

2)     Being a risk of getting incarcerated due to charges of illegal fishing or any other activity in another country’s territorial waters,   

iv)             To make legislation in the SCSDRP to command officers in the South China Sea not to capsize any vessel that is found intruding in their part of the South China Sea, but to fine or arrest them based on the following criteria:

1)     Finding out whether they have a licence that was printed by the consulate of the country whose waters they are travelling through in the country from which they are travelling to see if they are entering the other country’s territorial waters illegally or not,

2)     Finding out, by inquiry and by what is found on their vessel, whether they are smugglers, fishing vessels, are travelling to the country whose territorial waters they are passing through for diplomatic, business or tourist reasons or are spies for another country,

 

v)               Forming a task force commissioned by the United Nations Peacekeeping Forces to oversee the situation and ensure all of the legislation in the protocol is followed exactly as planned and in a peaceful way, as this force will abate:

1)     Minor onsite skirmishes can develop while the countries are redrawing the territorial borders and the respective countries move their forces to their territorial waters,

2)     Major diplomatic crises can occur due to major disagreements between countries while the protocol discusses how much of the South China Sea each country will get,

b)     Forming a rival committee to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization called the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), which will solve the tensions between the nations around the South China Sea and other incurring problems among the ASEAN nations in the following ways:

i)                Discussing how the SCSDRP redrawing of the South China Sea can cater to all the economic and military requirements of all the nations involved in the SCSDRP,

ii)              Discussing and coming up with even more solutions to abate the situation between China and Taiwan,

iii)             Discussing the economic and security implications of the tensions between the nations around the South China Sea,

iv)             Coming out with solutions for the security and economic issues with the tensions between the nations around the South China Sea,

 

5)     Emphasizing the need to abate the situation between the nations bordering the South China Sea by:

a)     Forming a tribunal called the “Hague Commission on the South China Sea Resources (HC-SCSR)” that will perform as an example to other nations on how China can be a reliable peacemaker, foremost in the South China Sea, in the following ways:

i)                It will ration out how much of the resources like coal, fish, and natural gas each nation around the South China Sea and the international community will get to ensure that there will be no conflict between the nations involved in this tribunal when the topic of resource-sharing comes up in any diplomatic discussion between those nations,

ii)              It will be a completely independent body chaired by the ICJ and the UNSC without any of the permanent 5 nations in the UNSC being involved in this tribunal to ensure the following:

1)     The least amount of corruption and bias when the ICJ and the UNSC ration the volume of resources that each nation around the South China Sea and the international community get,

2)     The fair division of resources without the necessity to have diplomatic conflicts when it is being discussed,

b)     Forming a protocol called the “United Nations Protocol on the Dispute over Landmasses in the South China Sea (UNP-DLSCS)” that will address the issue of who owns which island groups or banks like the Pratas, Spratly and Paracel Islands and the Macclesfield Bank, and will solve the disputes over the question of who owns the islands in the following ways:

i)                Consider the various factors that will have to be involved when deciding whether one island group or bank belongs to which country, the factors being:

1)     The geographical extent of the country,

2)     The number of island groups or banks in the South China Sea claimed by that country,

3)     The GDP of that country, considering their debt also,

4)     Their present claims that each country has made on the South China Sea, including the ones made by themselves and the ones made by the country’s Exclusive Economic Zone,

ii)              Ensuring the support of every party involved in this island group and bank dispute by:

1)     Ensuring that a UN Peacekeeping force is deployed in this controversial arena to ensure peace in this controversial area,

2)    Installing various surveillance planes from the ASEAN nations and the to check whether the procedures happening in the South China Sea are valid according to the UNP-DLSCS, and whether peace is observed when the division of the islands are done peaceably,

6)     Resolves to remain actively involved in the international community in this matter of urgency.